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Driveline vibration - a diagnostic challenge...

EXP Jawa

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OK, this is regarding my '99 GT, not an S550. But since this is the only Mustang board I'm on and its about time we had some real tech discussions here (in lieu of actual S550s to work on), I'm going to post here.

I've been chasing what I thought was a driveline vibration all summer. It comes and goes with throttle, so I assumed early on that I could rule out something like wheel or prop shaft balance. If the cruise is set at, say 65, on the highway, you can feel the vibration increase and as the throttle increases as the road rolls up little hills and then backs off as the throttle relaxes going back down, all while maintaining a constant speed. However, I should point out that this vibration seems apparent from very low speed up to highway speeds. It seems to come in and out of phase as speed increases. I know that there is going to be some inherent vibration in the chassis, being 15 years old, and a convertible with a V8. But I've been around working on NVH issues in vehicles enough that I can tell when something is distinctly out of place.

The first thing that occurred to me was U-joints, so I replaced them. I thought that with 90K miles, there was nothing to loose in doing it. But it didn't help. Some googling seemed to point to symptoms similar to a pinion angle problem, like truck owners run into when doing suspension lifts. But the pinion angle is fixed, and can't move much within the compliance of the trailing arm bushings, unless something is really worn and loose. So I spent some time with the car on the lift pushing and pulling on everything in the rear suspension, to no avail. I did find, however, that the tailshaft bushing in the T45 was worn in the vertical direction, and I could feel play in the u-joint yoke when I pushed it upwards. I replaced the bushing, but it didn't help the problem.

More recently, I realized that although the vibration is turned on/off with throttle position, it is far more excited within certain engine RPM ranges. If I merge onto the highway, at again say 65 mph, in 4th gear, there is no apparent vibration. As soon as I shift into 5th, bam, the vibration is there. At that point, the engine has dropped to about 1900 RPM, and it seems that the vibration is most active between about 1600-2000. If I accelerate fast enough to get to 2300 or more, it seems to calm again.

So, there you have it. Its a vibration that comes and goes with throttle, and seems tied to a specific engine speed range. That seems to point farther forward than I was looking before; toward the engine itself being involved. The only things I can think of are the harmonic balancer or the motor mounts. I'll also point out that it seems to have good days and bad days, though that might be a factor of how much time I spent at the critical speeds, I don't know. Does anyone have any advice they could offer? I'm pulling my hair out on this one (I'm nearly bald already!) and have been reluctant to drive it too far from home.
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Grimace427

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I would check the motor mounts. With a friend in the car revving watch the engine rock side to side. Apply the parking brake and gently slip the clutch to load up the engine to really check the mounts. The engine should only move about an inch on its mounts.
 

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yep,

sounds like motor mounts. would also check the transmission mount.

beers
 

draco24433

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Well, I had a similar problem on another vehicle and it turned out to be the coupling that was located between the half shafts. I don't know if your vehicle has two half shaft instead of a single drive shaft. Once that was fixed, the problem went away. Hope this helps is some way.
 

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w3rkn

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OK, this is regarding my '99 GT, not an S550. But since this is the only Mustang board I'm on and its about time we had some real tech discussions here (in lieu of actual S550s to work on), I'm going to post here.

I've been chasing what I thought was a driveline vibration all summer. It comes and goes with throttle, so I assumed early on that I could rule out something like wheel or prop shaft balance. If the cruise is set at, say 65, on the highway, you can feel the vibration increase and as the throttle increases as the road rolls up little hills and then backs off as the throttle relaxes going back down, all while maintaining a constant speed. However, I should point out that this vibration seems apparent from very low speed up to highway speeds. It seems to come in and out of phase as speed increases. I know that there is going to be some inherent vibration in the chassis, being 15 years old, and a convertible with a V8. But I've been around working on NVH issues in vehicles enough that I can tell when something is distinctly out of place.

The first thing that occurred to me was U-joints, so I replaced them. I thought that with 90K miles, there was nothing to loose in doing it. But it didn't help. Some googling seemed to point to symptoms similar to a pinion angle problem, like truck owners run into when doing suspension lifts. But the pinion angle is fixed, and can't move much within the compliance of the trailing arm bushings, unless something is really worn and loose. So I spent some time with the car on the lift pushing and pulling on everything in the rear suspension, to no avail. I did find, however, that the tailshaft bushing in the T45 was worn in the vertical direction, and I could feel play in the u-joint yoke when I pushed it upwards. I replaced the bushing, but it didn't help the problem.

More recently, I realized that although the vibration is turned on/off with throttle position, it is far more excited within certain engine RPM ranges. If I merge onto the highway, at again say 65 mph, in 4th gear, there is no apparent vibration. As soon as I shift into 5th, bam, the vibration is there. At that point, the engine has dropped to about 1900 RPM, and it seems that the vibration is most active between about 1600-2000. If I accelerate fast enough to get to 2300 or more, it seems to calm again.

So, there you have it. Its a vibration that comes and goes with throttle, and seems tied to a specific engine speed range. That seems to point farther forward than I was looking before; toward the engine itself being involved. The only things I can think of are the harmonic balancer or the motor mounts. I'll also point out that it seems to have good days and bad days, though that might be a factor of how much time I spent at the critical speeds, I don't know. Does anyone have any advice they could offer? I'm pulling my hair out on this one (I'm nearly bald already!) and have been reluctant to drive it too far from home.
Is it tied to load, & unloading of the engine... just off idle..?
 

B-Fox

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Motor mounts are likely,
I just had my '93 in the air last night which has the better 'vert mounts in it and found the RH mount separated and bottomed out, laying the header on the chassis side of the mount. and the LH mount I managed to significantly bend the chassis side plate to the point my AOD shifter cable bracket is hitting the floor pan.

Another thing from personal experience, put an aluminum driveshaft in it!
no questions asked, I put one in my '88 GT 5spd w/4.10's and it quelled a multitude of weird vibrations and a violent shake over 100mph. even after wasting money putting better U-joints and rebalancing the factory steel shaft.

and lastly, make sure you rule out the simple stuff, did you get your tires road forced or swap with a known good set?
 

HGFireHazard

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Motor mounts are likely,
I just had my '93 in the air last night which has the better 'vert mounts in it and found the RH mount separated and bottomed out, laying the header on the chassis side of the mount. and the LH mount I managed to significantly bend the chassis side plate to the point my AOD shifter cable bracket is hitting the floor pan.

Another thing from personal experience, put an aluminum driveshaft in it!
no questions asked, I put one in my '88 GT 5spd w/4.10's and it quelled a multitude of weird vibrations and a violent shake over 100mph. even after wasting money putting better U-joints and rebalancing the factory steel shaft.

and lastly, make sure you rule out the simple stuff, did you get your tires road forced or swap with a known good set?
I would definitely advise against swapping driveshafts at the moment, because even well known manufacturers have been shown to end up causing vibrations because the shafts weren't perfectly true.

Checking out wheel/tire balance is a good easy start. As others have mentioned motor mounts is another good area.

I wouldn't necessarily ignore the possibility of pinion angle though. Checking the angle only requires a protractor and plumb bob and it's worth verifying to eliminate as a possibility. If it is the pinion angle a set of adjustable rear upper control arms will get you squared away.

EDIT: Also, have you revved in neutral to see if the vibration still exists? Whether it does or doesn't should also help rule out some other areas.
 
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EXP Jawa

EXP Jawa

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Thanks for all the input. To answer a few questions:
It seems tied to load, but is most prominent in the range below 2K. Just off of idle, its hard to tell. It may vibrate there as well, but its tougher to pick out since I'm not usually driving with the engine in that range. But I seem to recall feeling it if I'm at 35 mph in 5th gear, which is barely over 1000 rpm.

I did notice the other day that if I put it neutral at a stop light and blipped the throttle up to 1500-2000, there was a shudder that ran through the chassis. I'm not sure if it was a the same frequency as the vibration I get while moving, but it seemed similar. That's part of what led me back to the engine (as opposed to rear driveline).

I've thought about putting the aluminum prop shaft from FRPP in it, since its only a little over $300. But I'm trying to avoid modifying the car at this point, since a) its an SE and I want it fairly stock, and b) I'm not sure if I'll keep after I buy an S550. Any mods now wouldn't really return on the "investment" for lack of a better term.
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