Although there are some where you might not *need* it (I'm thinking sway bars, rear shocks), it's always recommended because that affects your handling and tire wear which you trying to improve if you're doing suspension mods in the first place.
Tires are good, you can upgrade tires w/o affecting the alignment and they have by far the largest effect on handling.
Sways would be ok, except the front swaybar almost requires a lift to get it in/out and you have to disassemble the steering or toe link (I think) to rotate the hub out of the way to get the swaybar in there. Front toe should be pretty close after the swaybar install is done, but YMMV.
The rear swaybar is trivial, as are rear shocks or shock mounts, and won't affect the alignment.
If you don't change springs, front shocks shouldn't affect things much.
If you start doing springs or touching the subframe, that's when alignments come into play.
Anytime you change the height of the vehicle, you are changing the geometry of the suspension because how the linkages travel.
Now depending how much height you are changing, you might be able to get away with factory parts to bring the alignment back to recommended alignment.
Anything more extreme you need more adjustments like camber plates and stuff.